Investing in cryptocurrency is risky, but it can also be rewarding. If you're thinking about investing in cryptocurrency, you can do so by buying it directly or investing in crypto funds and companies. Cryptocurrency is a digital asset that operates on a blockchain, which is a peer-to-peer medium of exchange without a central authority. This means that crypto exchanges and wallets are crucial for investors.
There are thousands of cryptocurrencies to choose from, with Bitcoin and Ethereum being the most popular. Other top altcoins by market cap include Cardano, XRP, Solana, and Dogecoin.
If you want to invest in cryptocurrency, you can use a crypto exchange or app, or go through a broker-dealer. You'll need to decide how much of your portfolio you want to allocate to digital assets and periodically review your holdings to assess the need for rebalancing. It's important to carefully research any digital coin before buying it and to be aware of the tax consequences of using crypto.
Investing in cryptocurrency is not for everyone due to its volatile nature. However, if you are willing to take on greater risk, there are many options available to you.
What You'll Learn
Buy cryptocurrency directly
If you want to invest in cryptocurrency directly, you can use a cryptocurrency exchange. Here is a step-by-step guide:
- Choose a reputable, well-known exchange with a large selection of currencies.
- Establish an account with the exchange by providing your personal information and verifying your identity.
- Fund your account with fiat money (e.g. US dollars) before buying any crypto.
- Decide which cryptocurrency you want to buy. Research your options to help you decide.
- Follow the steps required by the exchange to submit and complete a buy order for one or more cryptocurrencies.
- Store your cryptocurrency in a digital wallet. This can be hosted by the exchange or an independent wallet provider.
Some of the most well-known cryptocurrencies include Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Cardano (ADA), XRP (XRP), Solana (SOL) and Dogecoin (DOGE).
It's important to keep in mind that investing in cryptocurrency is risky. The prices of cryptocurrencies, even the most established ones, are much more volatile than the prices of other assets like stocks. There is also the possibility that regulatory changes could affect the prices of cryptocurrencies in the future, or even make them illegal and therefore worthless.
Therefore, it's important to carefully research any digital coin before buying it and not to invest more money than you can afford to lose.
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Invest in cryptocurrency companies
Investing in cryptocurrency is risky, so it's important not to invest more money than you can afford to lose. However, if you are willing to take the risk, there are several ways to invest in cryptocurrency companies.
You can invest in companies with a partial or total focus on cryptocurrency. Your options include cryptocurrency mining companies, such as Marathon Digital Holdings Inc. (MARA) and Riot Blockchain Inc. (RIOT); mining hardware makers, such as Nvidia Corporation (NVDA) and Advanced Micro Devices Inc. (AMD); and companies like Robinhood Markets Inc. (HOOD) and PayPal Holdings Inc. (PYPL) that support cryptocurrency.
You can also invest in companies like MicroStrategy Inc. (MSTR), which holds large amounts of cryptocurrency on its balance sheets. MicroStrategy is a business intelligence and analytics solutions company that has become popular for its heavy reliance on digital assets to boost its corporate balance sheet.
Another option is to invest in cryptocurrency-focused funds. You can choose from a range of exchange-traded funds (ETFs), such as index funds and futures funds, as well as cryptocurrency investment trusts. In January 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission approved the first Bitcoin Spot ETFs, which hold bitcoin and offer shares to investors based on bitcoin spot prices.
Before investing in any cryptocurrency company, carefully research the company and the digital coin it is associated with. Pay attention to transaction fees, as these can vary widely among currencies. Also, be sure to understand the tax consequences of using crypto, especially if you purchase something or sell your crypto investments.
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Invest in cryptocurrency-focused funds
Investing in cryptocurrency is risky and volatile, but it has produced top returns for investors over time. If you don't want to choose among individual cryptocurrency companies, you can invest in a cryptocurrency-focused fund instead.
Some crypto-focused funds invest in cryptocurrency directly, while others invest in crypto-focused companies or derivative securities such as futures contracts. Funds give you a better chance to diversify and thus be the owner of some of the winners in the blockchain space.
- Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs): In 2024, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) started approving Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs, allowing you to invest in the two largest cryptocurrencies. There are also crypto ETFs that provide exposure to multiple cryptocurrencies, blockchain technology, and crypto-related companies. Examples include Fidelity Wise Origin Bitcoin Trust, iShares Ethereum Trust ETF, and Amplify Transformational Data Sharing ETF.
- Index Funds and Futures Funds: In January 2024, the SEC approved the first Bitcoin Spot ETFs, which hold Bitcoin and offer shares to investors based on Bitcoin spot prices.
- Crypto Investment Trusts: Examples include the Ethereum Classic Investment Trust and EtherIndex Ether Trust.
- Venture Funds: Atlas is a venture fund that invests in decentralized networks and projects that build blockchain-related services, their tokens, and crypto collectibles.
- Blockchain-Based Investment Funds: CryptoX is a secure blockchain-based investment fund launched by a team with trading experience in the international markets.
- Digital Asset Management Platforms: HyperChain is a digital asset management company focused on blockchain-based projects and decentralized protocols.
When investing in cryptocurrency-focused funds, it is important to consider the fees associated with these funds, as they can compound over long periods and dig sizeable holes in your portfolio's value. Additionally, the big risk with funds is that investors do not hold the private keys, which goes against the spirit of cryptocurrencies.
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Invest in a cryptocurrency Roth IRA
Investing in cryptocurrencies is a risky business. Crypto is a volatile asset class, prone to wild price swings, and there is always the possibility that the value of any given cryptocurrency could drop to zero. However, for those who are willing to take on the risk, there can be significant gains to be made.
One way to invest in crypto is through a Roth IRA. This is a retirement account that allows you to make investments with after-tax dollars. Any gains your investments make are then tax-free, provided you don't make any withdrawals before retirement age.
According to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), you cannot contribute cryptocurrency directly into a Roth IRA. However, you can add crypto to your Roth IRA via purchase. The difficulty is that few traditional providers of IRAs will allow you to do this. One workaround is a crypto IRA, also known as a Bitcoin IRA, which allows you to invest in crypto for your retirement. These are offered by companies like BitIRA, Equity Trust, and Bitcoin IRA.
However, there are some significant drawbacks and risks to consider before investing in a crypto IRA. Fees for crypto IRAs tend to be much higher than for traditional IRAs, with high setup, custody, maintenance, and transaction costs that could negate the tax advantages. There is also the risk that the extreme volatility of crypto could result in significant losses, especially for those approaching retirement who may not be able to wait out a downturn.
For those who want to gain exposure to crypto without taking on the risks of direct ownership, there are alternative investment options. These include crypto-related stocks, such as companies that provide infrastructure for the crypto world, or crypto exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that give exposure to a basket of crypto-related stocks or futures. Major brokerage platforms like Charles Schwab and Fidelity offer these types of investments, which can be a less risky way to gain exposure to the crypto market.
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Become a crypto miner or validator
If you're interested in investing in cryptocurrency, you could consider becoming a crypto miner or validator. Crypto miners and validators are essential components of a crypto's functioning. They are responsible for validating transactions and adding new blocks to the blockchain.
There are two main types of consensus mechanisms used in cryptocurrencies: Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Proof-of-Stake (PoS). Miners typically work with PoW cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, while validators work with PoS cryptocurrencies like Ethereum.
Miners validate transactions and create new blocks by solving complex mathematical puzzles. This process is crucial for the security and functionality of the PoW blockchain network. Miners compete to be the first to solve the puzzle, and the winner receives a block reward and transaction fee. However, this process requires specialized hardware and a lot of energy.
Validators also verify transactions and add new blocks to the blockchain, but they do so by staking their crypto to support the PoS network. Validators are chosen based on the amount of crypto they hold and are willing to stake as collateral. They receive transaction fees and sometimes additional coins created by the network as rewards.
How to Become a Crypto Miner or Validator
The process for becoming a miner or validator will depend on the cryptocurrency you choose. Miners typically need specialized hardware, while validators need to stake a certain amount of crypto as collateral. You can set up validator crypto nodes and stake tokens as collateral to gain the right to validate transactions.
It's important to note that being a miner or validator comes with risks. The value of your cryptocurrency can fluctuate, and there are also potential security threats and energy consumption concerns.
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Frequently asked questions
Here are some of the best cryptocurrency stocks to invest in, based on their market capitalization and year-over-year return:
- Bitcoin (BTC)
- Ethereum (ETH)
- Tether (USDT)
- Binance Coin (BNB)
- Solana (SOL)
- U.S. Dollar Coin (USDC)
- XRP (Ripple)
- Dogecoin (DOGE)
- Toncoin (GRAM)
- TRON (TRX)
Some of the best cryptocurrency exchanges to invest in include:
- Coinbase Global Inc. (COIN)
- Kraken
- Gemini
- WeBull
- Robinhood
Investing in cryptocurrency is risky and speculative. The value of cryptocurrencies is highly volatile and affected by various factors, including celebrity endorsements and regulatory changes. Additionally, there is a high energy usage associated with mining, and the prevalence of scams and fraud in the space.